About
The British Army faces a pivotal moment as it navigates the evolving demands of modern warfare within the framework of the Strategic Defence Review (SDR) expected in spring 2025. The SDR places NATO at the core of the UK's defence posture, requiring the Army to maintain credible, deployable forces capable of deterring peer adversaries, particularly in high-threat regions like the High North and the Baltics, while supporting operations in the Middle East and Africa.
This essay proposes a restructured British Army organised around two divisions, one tracked and one wheeled, each comprising three brigades, with each brigade containing three all-arms battle groups. These battle groups would serve as the primary deployable fighting units, with brigades and divisions acting as resource providers.
The tracked division would sustain two armoured battle groups, one in the High North on a three-year accompanied posting and one in the Baltics on six-month rotations, while the wheeled division would provide support and manoeuvre for the tracked division and enable operations in the Middle East and Africa.
This essay examines the equipment forecast, the deployment of divisional and brigade-level assets, and the cultural and structural challenges of this transformation, concluding with a proposed timeline for implementation. This essay specifically leaves out 16AABCT and associated light infantry (including UKSF and Royal Marines).
Proposed Structure: A Two-Division Model
The proposed structure realigns the British Army into two deployable divisions: a tracked Heavy Division and a wheeled Expeditionary Division. Each division would consist of three brigades, with each brigade comprising three all-arms battle groups, totalling 18 battle groups across the Army. This structure departs from the current model, where the 3rd (UK) Division is the primary warfighting formation, and the 1st (UK) Division focuses on lighter roles.
The new model ensures both divisions are optimised for combined arms manoeuvre, with battle groups as the primary tactical units, supported by brigade and divisional enablers.
The Heavy Division (Tracked)
The Heavy Division, based on the 3rd (UK) Division, would be optimised for high-intensity conflict against peer adversaries, particularly in NATO's northern and eastern flanks. It would consist of three Armoured Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs), each with three battle groups. Each battle group would include:
1 Armoured Squadron: Equipped with 14 Challenger 3 main battle tanks, providing heavy firepower and shock action.
1 Armoured Infantry Company: Equipped with Ajax infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), offering mobility and protection.
1 Mechanised Infantry Company: Equipped with tracked Ares vehicles for dismounted support and anti-tank capabilities.
Support Elements: Including a platoon of 120mm mortars, a reconnaissance troop with Jackal 2 vehicles, and a fire support team with Javelin anti-tank guided missiles.
The Heavy Division would sustain two forward-deployed battle groups: one in the High North (e.g., Norway) on a three-year accompanied posting, allowing families to be collocated for stability, and one in the Baltics (e.g., Estonia) on six-month rotations as part of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP).
The three-year posting in the High North would leverage existing infrastructure, such as NATO bases in Norway, to support long-term deterrence, while the Baltic deployment would align with rapid-response requirements. Each ABCT would rotate its battle groups to maintain one in the Baltics, one in training, and one in maintenance, ensuring sustainable readiness.
The Expeditionary Division (Wheeled)
The Expeditionary Division, restructured from the 1st (UK) Division, would focus on rapid deployment and manoeuvre, supporting the Heavy Division and conducting operations in the Middle East and Africa. It would comprise three Mechanised Brigade Combat Teams (MBCTs), each with three battle groups. Each battle group would...
This essay proposes a restructured British Army organised around two divisions, one tracked and one wheeled, each comprising three brigades, with each brigade containing three all-arms battle groups. These battle groups would serve as the primary deployable fighting units, with brigades and divisions acting as resource providers.
The tracked division would sustain two armoured battle groups, one in the High North on a three-year accompanied posting and one in the Baltics on six-month rotations, while the wheeled division would provide support and manoeuvre for the tracked division and enable operations in the Middle East and Africa.
This essay examines the equipment forecast, the deployment of divisional and brigade-level assets, and the cultural and structural challenges of this transformation, concluding with a proposed timeline for implementation. This essay specifically leaves out 16AABCT and associated light infantry (including UKSF and Royal Marines).
Proposed Structure: A Two-Division Model
The proposed structure realigns the British Army into two deployable divisions: a tracked Heavy Division and a wheeled Expeditionary Division. Each division would consist of three brigades, with each brigade comprising three all-arms battle groups, totalling 18 battle groups across the Army. This structure departs from the current model, where the 3rd (UK) Division is the primary warfighting formation, and the 1st (UK) Division focuses on lighter roles.
The new model ensures both divisions are optimised for combined arms manoeuvre, with battle groups as the primary tactical units, supported by brigade and divisional enablers.
The Heavy Division (Tracked)
The Heavy Division, based on the 3rd (UK) Division, would be optimised for high-intensity conflict against peer adversaries, particularly in NATO's northern and eastern flanks. It would consist of three Armoured Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs), each with three battle groups. Each battle group would include:
1 Armoured Squadron: Equipped with 14 Challenger 3 main battle tanks, providing heavy firepower and shock action.
1 Armoured Infantry Company: Equipped with Ajax infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), offering mobility and protection.
1 Mechanised Infantry Company: Equipped with tracked Ares vehicles for dismounted support and anti-tank capabilities.
Support Elements: Including a platoon of 120mm mortars, a reconnaissance troop with Jackal 2 vehicles, and a fire support team with Javelin anti-tank guided missiles.
The Heavy Division would sustain two forward-deployed battle groups: one in the High North (e.g., Norway) on a three-year accompanied posting, allowing families to be collocated for stability, and one in the Baltics (e.g., Estonia) on six-month rotations as part of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP).
The three-year posting in the High North would leverage existing infrastructure, such as NATO bases in Norway, to support long-term deterrence, while the Baltic deployment would align with rapid-response requirements. Each ABCT would rotate its battle groups to maintain one in the Baltics, one in training, and one in maintenance, ensuring sustainable readiness.
The Expeditionary Division (Wheeled)
The Expeditionary Division, restructured from the 1st (UK) Division, would focus on rapid deployment and manoeuvre, supporting the Heavy Division and conducting operations in the Middle East and Africa. It would comprise three Mechanised Brigade Combat Teams (MBCTs), each with three battle groups. Each battle group would...