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REPORTED SPEECH
It is used to tell someone what someone else told you.
Gossip? Maybe.
In the reported speech, the verb normally (not always) goes one tense back.
Subj + told me / said (that) + Subj + + C
Direct Speech: Helen and Jessica: “ We are enjoying the class.”
Reported Speech: Helen and Jessica told me they were enjoying the class.
OBS: If the information is still TRUE (verdade): V1 → V1 or V2
Direct Speech: Calvin: “I like to eat pizza.” (fact/true) = 2 options: Reported Speech: Calvin told me he likes to eat pizza.
OR Calvin told me he liked to eat pizza.
Examples:
Direct Speech: James: “I can’t go to the party.
Reported Speech: James told me he couldn’t go to the party.
Direct Speech: Jack: “Are you feeling bad today?”
Reported Speech: Jack asked me if I was feeling bad that day.
Direct Speech: Kate: “I have to go now.
Reported Speech: Kate said that she had to go then.
We use:
He told me→ when we talk to a specific person. (verb tell) → (me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
He said→ something is said to anybody in particular(qualquer um).
He asked me→ when a question is asked to a specific person.
Yes or no questions = if:
David: Do you go by bus? → David asked me if I went by bus.
Direct Speech > Reported Speech
Am / is > Was
Are > Were
Do > Did
Can > Could
May > Might
Must >Must / had to
Verb 1 >Verb 2
Will > Would
Was / were + Ving > had been + Ving
Verb 2 > Verb 2 / had + Verb 3
Have / has + V3 > Had + V3
Direct Speech: Kimi: “I traveled to the beach last week.
Reported Speech: Kimi said that she had traveled to the beach the week before.
Direct Speech: Mark: “I bought a new phone for my mother yesterday.
Reported Speech: Mark told me he had bought a new phone for his mother the day before.
Mark told me he bought a new phone for his mother the day before.
Time indicators > Reported speech
Today >That day
Tonight > That night
Now > At that time / Then
This > That
Here > There
Ago > Before
Tomorrow… > The following day / the next day
Yesterday > The day before
Last night/week… > The night before / the week before
Next week… > The following week