America created the most powerful empire building tool ever created - the Dollar
They created a game that everyone began to play. And while the game continues the empire remains unassailable. But what happens if the world stops playing the game?
We discuss the full history - a complex financial architecture that gave America an “exorbitant privilege”
SOURCES
Bretton Woods Federal Reserve History
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/bretton-woods-created
Nixon ends dollar-gold convertibility, August 15 1971 Federal Reserve History
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/gold-convertibility-ends
De Gaulle & France repatriating gold The Gold Observer
https://www.thegoldobserver.com/p/how-france-secretly-repatriated-all
Kissinger-Saudi petrodollar arrangement LegalClarity
https://legalclarity.org/the-kissinger-petrodollar-system-history-and-impact/
No single formal petrodollar treaty the system emerged from a series of agreements NextBigFuture
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2024/06/the-actual-1974-saudi-arabia-and-us-agreement-on-cooperation.html
Carter Doctrine (1980) Baker Institute
https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/carter-doctrine-30-evolving-us-military-guarantees-gulf-oil-security
“Exorbitant privilege” coined by French Finance Minister Valéry Giscard d’Estaing ECB
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/ire/article/ecb.ireart201906_02~9c8301aace.en.pdf
SWIFT: 11,500 institutions, 200+ countries Stripe
https://stripe.com/resources/more/what-is-swift
Dollar = 58% of global foreign exchange reserves (2024) Federal Reserve
https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/the-international-role-of-the-u-s-dollar-2025-edition-20250718.html
~20% of global oil trade in non-dollar currencies (2023) OilPrice.com
https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Fifth-of-Global-Oil-Trade-Used-Non-Dollar-Currencies-in-2023.html