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Whakatauki/Whakatauaki - Tūwhitia te hopo, mairangatia te angitū (Milroy 2011). / Eliminate the negative, accentuate the positive.
Atua Wahine: Hine-a-tauira [Maori Religion and Mythology (1882), Edward Shortland] [pg. 22] [pg.23]
"Tane took Hine-ahu-one to wife. She first gave birth to Tiki-tohua—the egg of a bird from which have sprung all the birds of the air.
After that, Tikikapakapa was born—a female.
Then first was born for Tane a human child. Tane took great care of Tikikapakapa, and when she grew up he gave her a new name, Hine-a-tauira (=the pattern maid).
Then he took her to wife, and she bore a female child who was named Hine-titamauri.
One day Hine-a-tauira said to Tane, "Who is my father?" Tane laughed. A second time Hine-a-tauira asked the same question.
Katahi ka tohungia e Tane ki tona ure.
and the woman understood, and her heart was dark, and she gave herself up to mourning, and fled away to Rikiriki, and to Naonao, to Rekoreko, to Waewae-te-Po, and to Po.
He oti, ka rere te wahine: ka anga ko te pane ki raro, tuwhera tonu nga kuwha, hamama tonu te puapua.
"Heikona, e Tane, hei kukume ake ia taua hua ki te Ao; kia haere au ki raro hei kukume iho i a taua hua ki te Po."
Kia ora! I wanted to delve more into Kia and Ki te this week to sharpen my understanding of each.
The source material is pretty dense; [Kia and Ki te Complementation in Maori; An Accusative Analysis, Pearce & Waite, 1997. https://nzlingsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Pearce-and-Waite-1997.pdf]
So I've only managed to grasp an understanding of the below 2 examples. An asterisk means that the example is incorrect.
"E pirangi ana a Moana ki te awhina i tona whanau. - Moana wants to help her family."
This is an active voice sentence, meaning that the object (tona whanau) is marked.
This sentence works because 'ki te' implies that Moana is doing the action.
Bauer (1993:41) extends on Hohepa (1969) and gives the following statement on the differences between the 'ki te' and 'kia' structure:
"If the verb in the subordinate clause is an experience verb, a neuter verb...a negative, or a passive, the clause is introduced by kia.
If the subordinate clause verb does not fall into one of these categories, the distribution of 'kia' and 'ki te' depends primarily on the identity or otherwise of the subjects of the main and subordinate clause..."
asterisk means it is incorrect.
*E pirangi ana a Moana kia awhina i tona whanau. "
This is an active voice sentence, meaning that the object (tona whanau) is marked.
This sentences doesn't work because the use of 'kia' in an active voice construction means that the subject (Moana) needs to be made explicit, so the correction would be:
"E pirangi ana a Moana kia awhina ia i tona whanau."
Further examples are below for your own quick reference:
Ka noho atu a Moana ki tona ano iwi hei awhina i tona whanau. - Moana stayed at her iwi to help her family.
Ma Moana e awhina tona whanau. / Ma Moana tona whanau e awhina. - Moana will help her family.
Kei te awhinatia a Moana e tona whanau. - Moana is helped by her family.
E pirangi a Moana kia awhinatia e tona whanau. - Moana wants to be helped by her family.
I peneitia e Moana, kia awhinatia ai e tona whanau. - Moana acted this way so as to be helped by her family.
E pirangi ana a Moana kia rite ki tona whaea. - Moana wants to be like her mother.
I peneitia e Moana, kia rite ai ki tona whaea. - Moana acted this way so as to be like her mother.
E pirangi ana a Moana kia pai ki tana whaiaipo. - Moana wants to please her lover.
I peneitia e Moana, kia pai ai ki tana whaiaipo. - Moana acted this way so as to please her lover.
E pirangi ana a Moana kia mohio ki tona koroua. - Moana wants to know her elder.
I peneitia e Moana, kia mohio ai ki tona koroua. - Moana acted this way so as to get to know her elder.
I mahue a Moana i tāna tane. - Moana was left by her husband / Moana's husband left her.
E pirangi ana a Moana kia mahue i tāna tane. - Moana wants to be abandoned by her husband.
I peneitia e Moana, kia mahue ai i tāna tane. - Moana acted this way so as to be abandoned by her husband.