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Letters on Different Subjects in Natural Philosophy, Volume 1 (Letters to a German Princess)

English· 14:08:24· 115 chapters

The Letters of Euler to a German Princess have acquired over all Europe a celebrity to which the reputation of the Author, the choice and importance of the several subjects, and the clearness of elucidation justly entitle them. They have deservedly been considered as a treasury of science, adapted to the purposes of every common seminary of learning. They may be studied to advantage without much previous elementary knowledge; they convey accurate ideas respecting a variety of objects, highly interesting in themselves, or calculated to excite a laudable curiosity; they inspire a proper taste for the sciences, and for that sound philosophy which, supported by science, and never losing sight of her cautious, steady, methodical advances, runs no risk of perplexing or misleading the attentive student. - Summary by Nicolas de Condorcet

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Letters on Different Subjects in Natural Philosophy, Volume 1 (Letters to a German Princess)

Chapters

Of Magnitude, or Extension

Of Velocity

Of Sound, and Its Velocity

Of Consonance and Dissonance

Of Unison and Octaves

Of Other Consonances

Of the Twelve Tones of the Harpsichord

Of the Pleasure Derived from Fine Music

Compression of the Air

Rarefaction and Elasticity of the Air

Gravity of the Air

Of the Atmosphere, and the Barometer

Of Air-Guns, and the Compression of Air in Gunpowder

The Effect Produced by Heat and Cold on All Bodies, and Of, the Pyrometer and Thermometer

Changes Produced in the Atmosphere by Heat and Cold

The Cold Felt on High Mountains and at Great Depths Accounted For

Of Light, and the Systems of Descartes and Newton

Difficulties Attending the System of Emanation

A Different System Respecting the Nature of Rays and of Light Proposed

Of the Propagation of Light

Digression on the Distances of the Heavenly Bodies, and on the Nature of the Sun and His Rays

Elucidations on the Nature of Luminous Bodies, and Their Difference from Opaque Bodies Illuminated

How Opaque Bodies Become Visible Newton's System of the Reflection of Rays Proposed

Examination and Refutation of Newton's System

A Different Explanation of the Manner in Which Opaque Bodies Illuminated Become Visible

Continuation of the Same Subject

Conclusion: Clearness and Colour of Opaque Bodies Illuminated

Nature of Colours in Particular

Transparency of Bodies Relative to the Transmission of Rays

Of the Transmission of Rays of Light Through Transparent Mediums, and Their Refraction

Refraction of Rays of Different Colours

Of the Azure Colour of the Heavens

Of Rays Issuing from a Distant Luminous Point, and of the Visual Angle

Of the Assistance Which Judgment Lends to Vision

Explanation of Certain Phenomena Relative to Optics

Of Shadow

Of Catoptrics, and the Reflection of Rays from Plain Mirrors

Reflection of Rays from Convex and Concave Mirrors Burning Mirrors

Of Dioptrics

Continuation of Burning — Glasses, and Their Focus

Of Vision, and the Structure of the Eye

Continuation Wonders Discoverable in the Structure of the Eye

Further Continuation Astonishing Difference Between the Eye of an Animal and the Artificial Eye, or Camera Obscura

Perfections Discoverable in the Structure of the Eye

Of Gravity, Considered as a General Property of Body

Continuation of Specific Gravity

Terms Relative to Gravity and Their True Import

Reply to Certain Objections to the Erath's Spherical Figure, Derived from Gravity

True Direction and Action of Gravity Relatively to the Earth

Different Action of Gravity with Respect to Certain Countries and Distances from the Centre of the Earth

Gravity of the Moon

Discovery of Universal Gravitation by Newton

Continuation of the Mutual Attraction of the Heavenly Bodies

Different Sentiments of Philosophers Respecting Universal Gravitation the Attractionists

Power by Which the Heavenly Bodies an Mutually Attracted

The Same Subject Continued

The Same Subject Continued

Motion of the Heavenly Bodies Method of Determining It by the Laws of Universal Gravitation

System of the Universe

The Same Subject Continued

Small Irregularities in the Motions of the Planets, Caused by Their Mutual Attraction

Description of the Flux and Reflux of the Sea

Different Opinions of Philosophers Respecting the Flux and Reflux of the Sea

Explanation of the Flux and Reflux, from the Attractive Power of the Moon

The Same Subject Continued

The Same Subject Continued

The Same Subject Continued

More Particular Account of the Dispute Respecting Universal Gravitation

Nature and Essence of Bodies or Extension, Mobility, and Impenetrability of Body

Impenetrability of Bodies

Of the Motion of Bodies, Real and Apparent

Of Uniform, Accelerated, and Retarded Motion

Principal Law of Motion and Rest Disputes of Philosophers on the Subject

Of the Inertia of Bodies of Powers

Changes Which May Take Place in the State of Bodies

System of the Monads of Wolff

Origin and Nature of Powers

The Same Subject Principle of the Least Possible Action